Thursday, September 29, 2016

raltitrexed Intravenous


ral-ti-TREX-ed


Available Dosage Forms:


  • Powder for Solution

Therapeutic Class: Antineoplastic Agent


Pharmacologic Class: Antimetabolite


Uses For raltitrexed

Raltitrexed belongs to a group of medicines known as antimetabolites. It is used to treat cancer of the colon and rectum. It may also be used to treat other kinds of cancer, as determined by your doctor.


Raltitrexed blocks an enzyme needed by the cell to live. This interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. Since the growth of normal body cells may also be affected by raltitrexed, other effects will also occur. Some of these may be serious and must be reported to your doctor. Other effects, like hair loss, may not be serious but may cause concern.


Before you begin treatment with raltitrexed, you and your doctor should talk about the good raltitrexed will do as well as the risks of using it.


Raltitrexed is to be administered only by or under the immediate supervision of your doctor.


Before Using raltitrexed


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For raltitrexed, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to raltitrexed or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Studies on raltitrexed have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of raltitrexed in children with use in other age groups.


Geriatric


Elderly people are especially sensitive to the effects of raltitrexed. Raltitrexed may be more likely to cause side effects such as cracked lips, diarrhea, difficulty in swallowing, sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips, tongue, or inside the mouth in elderly patients.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking raltitrexed, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using raltitrexed with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.


  • Rotavirus Vaccine, Live

Using raltitrexed with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Adenovirus Vaccine Type 4, Live

  • Adenovirus Vaccine Type 7, Live

  • Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin Vaccine, Live

  • Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live

  • Measles Virus Vaccine, Live

  • Mumps Virus Vaccine, Live

  • Rotavirus Vaccine, Live

  • Rubella Virus Vaccine, Live

  • Smallpox Vaccine

  • Typhoid Vaccine

  • Varicella Virus Vaccine

  • Yellow Fever Vaccine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of raltitrexed. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Chickenpox (including recent exposure) or

  • Herpes zoster (shingles)—Risk of severe disease affecting other parts of the body

  • Infection—Raltitrexed can decrease your body's ability to fight infection

  • Kidney disease or

  • Liver disease—Effects of raltitrexed may be increased because of slower removal from the body; your doctor may need to change your dose

Proper Use of raltitrexed


raltitrexed is sometimes given together with certain other medicines. If you are using a combination of medicines, it is important that you receive each one at the proper time. If you are taking some of these medicines by mouth, ask your health care professional to help you plan a way to take them at the right times.


raltitrexed usually causes nausea and vomiting that may be severe. However, it is very important that you continue to receive the medicine, even if you begin to feel ill. Ask your health care professional for ways to lessen these effects, especially if they are severe.


Dosing


The dose of raltitrexed will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of raltitrexed. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For parenteral dosage form (injection):
    • For colorectal cancer
      • Adults—3 milligrams (mg) per square meter of body surface area given over a 15 minute period. The dose may be repeated every 3 weeks.

      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.



Missed Dose


Call your doctor or pharmacist for instructions.


Precautions While Using raltitrexed


It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that raltitrexed is working properly and to check for unwanted effects.


raltitrexed may cause some people to feel unusually tired or ill. Make sure you know how you react to raltitrexed before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are less alert.


While you are being treated with raltitrexed, and after you stop treatment with it, do not have any immunizations (vaccinations) without your doctor's approval. Raltitrexed may lower your body's resistance and there is a chance you might get the infection the immunization is meant to prevent. In addition, other persons living in your household should not take oral polio vaccine since there is a chance they could pass the polio virus on to you. Also, avoid persons who have taken oral polio vaccine within the last several months. Do not get close to them and do not stay in the same room with them for very long. If you cannot take these precautions, you should consider wearing a protective face mask that covers the nose and mouth.


Raltitrexed can temporarily lower the number of white blood cells in your blood, increasing the chance of getting an infection. It can also lower the number of platelets, which are necessary for proper blood clotting. If this occurs, there are certain precautions you can take, especially when your blood count is low, to reduce the risk of infection or bleeding:


  • If you can, avoid people with infections. Check with your doctor immediately if you think you are getting an infection or if you get a fever or chills, cough or hoarseness, lower back or side pain, or painful or difficult urination.

  • Check with your doctor immediately if you notice any unusual bleeding or bruising; black, tarry stools; blood in urine or stools; or pinpoint red spots on your skin.

  • Be careful when using a regular toothbrush, dental floss, or toothpick. Your medical doctor, dentist, or nurse may recommend other ways to clean your teeth and gums. Check with your medical doctor before having any dental work done.

  • Do not touch your eyes or the inside of your nose unless you have just washed your hands and have not touched anything else in the meantime.

  • Be careful not to cut yourself when you are using sharp objects such as a safety razor or fingernail or toenail cutters.

  • Avoid contact sports or other situations where bruising or injury could occur.

raltitrexed Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Pale skin, troubled breathing, unusual bleeding or bruising, unusual tiredness or weakness

  • black, tarry stools, chest pain, chills, cough, fever, painful or difficult urination, shortness of breath, sore throat, sores, ulcers, or white spots on lips or in mouth, swollen glands

  • increase in bowel movements, loose stools, soft stools

Less common
  • Dizziness, fainting, fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat, decreased urine output, dilated neck veins, extreme fatigue, irregular breathing, swelling of face, fingers, feet, or lower legs, tightness in chest, weight gain, wheezing

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Stomach or abdomen pain

  • loss of appetite, weight loss

  • constipation

  • nausea and vomiting

  • lack or loss of strength

  • general feeling of discomfort or illness, headache, joint pain, muscle aches and pains, runny nose, shivering, sweating, trouble sleeping

  • rash

Less common
  • Bloating or swelling of face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet, rapid weight gain, tingling of hands or feet

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Hair loss, thinning of hair

Less common
  • Change in taste, bad unusual or unpleasant (after)taste

After you stop using raltitrexed, it may still produce some side effects that need attention. During this period of time, check with your doctor immediately if you notice the following side effects:


  • Black, tarry stools, blood in urine or stools, cough or hoarseness, fever or chills, lower back or side pain, painful or difficult urination, pinpoint red spots on skin, unusual bleeding or bruising

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


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Digoxina Larjan




Digoxina Larjan may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Digoxina Larjan



Digoxin

Digoxin is reported as an ingredient of Digoxina Larjan in the following countries:


  • Argentina

International Drug Name Search

Cefalon




Cefalon may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Cefalon



Cefaclor

Cefaclor is reported as an ingredient of Cefalon in the following countries:


  • Vietnam

International Drug Name Search

Wednesday, September 28, 2016

Ranitidine Tablets



Pronunciation: ra-NI-ti-deen
Generic Name: Ranitidine
Brand Name: Zantac


Ranitidine is used for:

Treating heartburn or irritation of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It may be used to treat and maintain healing of severe irritation of the esophagus (erosive esophagitis). It may be used for short-term treatment of stomach or small intestinal ulcers. It may be used to maintain healing of stomach or small intestinal ulcers. It may be used to treat conditions that cause your body to make too much stomach acid (eg, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


Ranitidine is an H2-receptor blocker. It works by blocking the action of histamine in the stomach. This reduces the amount of acid the stomach makes. Reducing stomach acid helps to reduce heartburn, heal irritation of the esophagus, and heal ulcers of the stomach or intestines.


Do NOT use Ranitidine if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Ranitidine

  • you have a history of the blood disease porphyria

  • you are taking dasatinib

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Ranitidine:


Some medical conditions may interact with Ranitidine. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have a history of kidney or liver problems

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Ranitidine. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • Certain benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam, triazolam), glipizide, procainamide, or warfarin because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Ranitidine

  • Dasatinib, delavirdine, gefitinib, certain HIV protease inhibitors (eg, atazanavir), itraconazole, or ketoconazole because their effectiveness may be decreased by Ranitidine

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Ranitidine may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Ranitidine:


Use Ranitidine as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Take Ranitidine by mouth with or without food.

  • If you also take itraconazole or ketoconazole, ask your doctor or pharmacist how to take it with Ranitidine.

  • You may take antacids while you are using Ranitidine if you are directed to do so by your doctor.

  • Continue to take Ranitidine even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.

  • If you miss a dose of Ranitidine, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Ranitidine.



Important safety information:


  • Ranitidine may rarely cause drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Ranitidine with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.

  • Ranitidine may interfere with certain lab tests, including urine protein tests. Be sure your doctor and lab personnel know you are taking Ranitidine.

  • Ranitidine should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 1 month old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Ranitidine while you are pregnant. Ranitidine is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Ranitidine, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.


Possible side effects of Ranitidine:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Constipation; diarrhea; headache; nausea; stomach upset.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); change in the amount of urine produced; confusion; dark urine; depression; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; fever, chills, or sore throat; hallucinations; severe or persistent headache or stomach pain; unusual bruising or bleeding; yellowing of the eyes or skin.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.



If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include dizziness; trouble walking.


Proper storage of Ranitidine:

Store Ranitidine at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Ranitidine out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Ranitidine, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Ranitidine is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Ranitidine. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Ranitidine resources


  • Ranitidine Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Ranitidine Drug Interactions
  • Ranitidine Support Group
  • 32 Reviews for Ranitidine - Add your own review/rating


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  • Duodenal Ulcer
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  • Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions
  • Stomach Ulcer
  • Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis
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Dosodos




Dosodos may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Dosodos



Butamirate

Butamirate citrate (a derivative of Butamirate) is reported as an ingredient of Dosodos in the following countries:


  • Argentina

International Drug Name Search

Tuesday, September 27, 2016

rizatriptan


rye-za-TRIP-tan


Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Maxalt

  • Maxalt-MLT

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Tablet, Disintegrating

  • Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Antimigraine


Pharmacologic Class: Serotonin Receptor Agonist, 5-HT1


Uses For rizatriptan


Rizatriptan is used to treat acute migraine headaches in adults and children 6 years of age and older. It is not used to prevent migraine headaches and is not used for cluster headaches. Rizatriptan works in the brain to relieve the pain from migraine headaches. It belongs to the group of medicines called triptans.


Many people find that their headaches go away completely after they take rizatriptan. Other people find that their headaches are much less painful, and that they are able to go back to their normal activities even though their headaches are not completely gone. Rizatriptan often relieves other symptoms that occur together with a migraine headache, such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and sensitivity to sound.


Rizatriptan is not an ordinary pain reliever. It will not relieve any kind of pain other than migraine headaches. rizatriptan is usually used for people whose headaches are not relieved by acetaminophen, aspirin, or other pain relievers.


Rizatriptan has caused serious side effects in some people, especially people who have heart or blood vessel disease. Be sure that you discuss with your doctor the risks of using rizatriptan as well as the benefits that it can do.


rizatriptan is available only with your doctor's prescription.


Before Using rizatriptan


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For rizatriptan, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to rizatriptan or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of rizatriptan in children younger than 6 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.


Geriatric


Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of rizatriptan in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have high blood pressure and age-related heart problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving rizatriptan.


Pregnancy








Pregnancy CategoryExplanation
All TrimestersCAnimal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking rizatriptan, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using rizatriptan with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.


  • Almotriptan

  • Dihydroergotamine

  • Eletriptan

  • Ergoloid Mesylates

  • Ergonovine

  • Ergotamine

  • Frovatriptan

  • Isocarboxazid

  • Linezolid

  • Methylergonovine

  • Methysergide

  • Naratriptan

  • Phenelzine

  • Procarbazine

  • Sumatriptan

  • Tranylcypromine

  • Zolmitriptan

Using rizatriptan with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Citalopram

  • Clovoxamine

  • Desvenlafaxine

  • Duloxetine

  • Escitalopram

  • Femoxetine

  • Fluoxetine

  • Fluvoxamine

  • Milnacipran

  • Nefazodone

  • Paroxetine

  • Reboxetine

  • Sertraline

  • Sibutramine

  • St John's Wort

  • Tapentadol

  • Venlafaxine

  • Vilazodone

  • Zimeldine

Using rizatriptan with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Propranolol

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of rizatriptan. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Angina (chest pain) or

  • Basilar migraine (migraine with vision and hearing problems) or

  • Heart attack, history of or

  • Heart or blood vessel problems or

  • Hemiplegic migraine (migraine with some paralysis) or

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure), uncontrolled or

  • Ischemic bowel disease (bowels have low blood supply) or

  • Peripheral vascular disease (clogged arteries) or

  • Stroke, history of or

  • Transient ischemic attack (TIA), or history of—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

  • Coronary artery disease, family history of or

  • Diabetes or

  • Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol in the blood) or

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure) or

  • Obesity or

  • Raynaud's syndrome—Use with caution. May be at increased risk for certain side effects.

  • Phenylketonuria (PKU)—The orally disintegrating tablet contains phenylalanine, which can make this condition worse.

Proper Use of rizatriptan


Take rizatriptan only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. Using too much rizatriptan may increase the chance of side effects.


Do not use rizatriptan for a headache that is not a migraine headache. Talk to your doctor about what to do for regular headaches.


To relieve your migraine as soon as possible, use rizatriptan as soon as the headache pain begins. Even if you get warning signals of a coming migraine (an aura), you should wait until the headache pain starts before using rizatriptan.


Lying down in a quiet, dark room for a while after you use rizatriptan may help relieve your migraine.


Ask your doctor ahead of time about any other medicine you may take if rizatriptan does not work. After you take the other medicine, check with your doctor as soon as possible. Headaches that are not relieved by rizatriptan are sometimes caused by conditions that need other treatment.


If you feel much better after a dose of rizatriptan, but your headache comes back or gets worse after a while, adults may use one additional dose of rizatriptan 2 hours after the first dose. Do not use more than 2 doses in any 24-hour period. Do not use rizatriptan for more than 10 days in any 30-day period, unless your doctor tells you to.


Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water. Do not crush, break, or chew it.


Keep the orally disintegrating tablet in the blister pack inside the outer foil pouch until you are ready to take the medicine. Make sure your hands are dry and peel open the blister to remove the tablet. Place the tablet on your tongue and let it dissolve. You do not need to drink water to swallow the dissolved tablet.


rizatriptan comes with a patient information leaflet. It is very important that you read and understand this information. Be sure to ask your doctor about anything you do not understand.


Dosing


The dose of rizatriptan will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of rizatriptan. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For oral dosage forms (orally disintegrating tablets and tablets):
    • For migraine headaches:
      • Adults—At first, 5 or 10 milligrams (mg) as a single dose. If the migraine comes back after being relieved, another dose may be taken 2 hours after the last dose. Do not take more than 30 mg in any 24-hour period.

      • Teenagers and children 6 years of age and older and weighing 40 kilograms (kg) or more—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The dose is usually 10 mg per day. Do not take more than one dose in any 24-hour period.

      • Teenagers and children 6 years of age and older and weighing less than 40 kg—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The dose is usually 5 mg per day. Do not take more than one dose in any 24-hour period.

      • Children younger than 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.



Storage


Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.


Precautions While Using rizatriptan


It is very important that your doctor check the progress of you or your child at regular visits. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you or your child should continue to take it.


You should not take rizatriptan if you or your child have used other triptan or ergot-type migraine medicines within the past 24 hours. Some examples of triptan medicines are almotriptan (Axert™), eletriptan (Relpax®), frovatriptan (Frova®), naratriptan (Amerge®), sumatriptan (Imitrex®, Treximet®), and zolmitriptan (Zomig®). Some examples of ergot-type medicines are dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45®, Migranal®), ergotamine (Bellergal®, Cafergot®, Ergomar®, or Wigraine®), and methysergide (Sansert®). Do not take rizatriptan within 2 weeks after taking an MAO inhibitor, such as Eldepryl®, Marplan®, Nardil®, or Parnate®.


Check with your doctor if you or your child used rizatriptan and your migraine did not go away, or if your migraine got worse or started occurring more often.


rizatriptan may increase your risk of having abnormal heart rhythm, heart attack, angina, or stroke. This is more likely to occur if you or a family member already has heart disease, if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, if you smoke, if you are male and over 40 years of age, or if you are female and have gone through menopause. Call your doctor right away if you have any symptoms of a heart problem, such as chest pain or discomfort; an uneven heartbeat; nausea or vomiting; pain or discomfort in the shoulders, arms, jaw, back, or neck; shortness of breath; or sweating. Call your doctor right away if you have any symptoms of a stroke, such as confusion; difficulty with speaking; double vision; headaches; an inability to move the arms, legs, or facial muscles; an inability to speak; or slow speech.


Check with your doctor right away if you or your child have chest discomfort, jaw or neck tightness after taking rizatriptan. Also, tell your doctor if you have sudden or severe abdominal or stomach pain or bloody diarrhea after using rizatriptan.


Check with your doctor right away if you have blurred vision, difficulty with reading, or any other change in vision while you or your child are using rizatriptan. Your doctor may want you to have your eyes checked by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor).


Using rizatriptan alone or in combination with other migraine medicines for 10 or more days per month may lead to worsening of headache. You may keep a headache diary to record the headache frequency and drug use.


Make sure your doctor knows about all the other medicines you are using. Rizatriptan may cause a serious condition called serotonin syndrome when taken with some medicines. This includes medicines to treat depression, such as citalopram (Celexa®), duloxetine (Cymbalta®), escitalopram (Lexapro®), fluoxetine (Prozac®, Sarafem®, or Symbyax®), fluvoxamine (Luvox®), olanzapine (Zyprexa®), paroxetine (Paxil®), sertraline (Zoloft®), or venlafaxine (Effexor®). Check with your doctor right away if you or your child have agitation; confusion; diarrhea; excitement while talking that is not normal; fever; overactive reflexes; poor coordination; restlessness; shivering; sweating; trembling or shaking that you cannot control; or twitching. These could be symptoms of serotonin syndrome.


Drinking alcoholic beverages can make headaches worse or cause new headaches to occur. People who suffer from severe headaches should probably avoid alcoholic beverages, especially during a headache.


Some people feel dizzy or drowsy during or after a migraine, or after taking rizatriptan to relieve a migraine. As long as you are feeling dizzy or drowsy, do not drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or not alert.


Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.


rizatriptan Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Chest pain

  • heaviness, tightness, or pressure in the chest and/or neck

  • pounding heartbeat

  • sensation of burning, warmth, heat, numbness, tightness, or tingling

  • shortness of breath

Less common
  • Burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings

  • increased heartbeat

  • irregular heartbeat

  • pain, tightness, or pressure in the neck, jaw, or throat

  • slow heartbeat

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Dizziness

  • dry mouth

  • hot flashes

  • lack or loss of strength

  • nausea or vomiting

  • sleepiness or unusual drowsiness

  • unusual tiredness or weakness

Less common
  • Agitation

  • anxiety

  • blurred vision

  • chills

  • confusion

  • constipation

  • depression

  • diarrhea

  • difficulty with swallowing

  • dry eyes

  • eye irritation

  • feeling of constant movement of self or surroundings

  • gas

  • headache

  • heartburn

  • heat sensitivity

  • inability to sleep

  • increased sweating

  • increased thirst

  • irritability

  • itching of the skin

  • muscle or joint stiffness, tightness, or rigidity

  • muscle pain or spasms

  • ringing or buzzing in the ears

  • sudden, large increase in the frequency or quantity of urine

  • trembling of the hands or feet

  • unusual feeling of well-being

  • warm or cold sensations

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: rizatriptan side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More rizatriptan resources


  • Rizatriptan Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Rizatriptan Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Rizatriptan Drug Interactions
  • Rizatriptan Support Group
  • 81 Reviews for Rizatriptan - Add your own review/rating


  • Rizatriptan MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Maxalt Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Maxalt Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Maxalt Consumer Overview

  • Maxalt-MLT Orally Disintegrating Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare rizatriptan with other medications


  • Migraine

Metafar




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Cefmetazole

Cefmetazole sodium salt (a derivative of Cefmetazole) is reported as an ingredient of Metafar in the following countries:


  • Italy

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Ural




Ural may be available in the countries listed below.


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Sodium Citrate

Sodium Citrate is reported as an ingredient of Ural in the following countries:


  • New Zealand

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Monday, September 26, 2016

Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold


Generic Name: diphenhydramine and phenylephrine (DYE fen HYE dra meenand FEN il EFF rin)

Brand Names: Alahist LQ, Aldex-CT, Children's Triacting Night Time, D-Tann, Dimetapp Nighttime Cold & Congestion, Diphenmax D, Dytan-D, PediaCare Children's Allergy & Cold, Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold, Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold Children's, Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold Pediatric, Triaminic Night Time Cold & Cough


What is Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold (diphenhydramine and phenylephrine)?

Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that reduces the natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose.


Phenylephrine is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose).


The combination of diphenhydramine and phenylephrine is used to treat runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, watery eyes, and sinus congestion caused by allergies, the common cold, or the flu.


Diphenhydramine and phenylephrine may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold (diphenhydramine and phenylephrine)?


Do not give this medication to a child younger than 2 years old. Always ask a doctor before giving a cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold medicines in very young children. Do not use any other over-the-counter cough, cold, allergy, or sleep medication without first asking your doctor or pharmacist. If you take certain products together you may accidentally take too much of one or more types of medicine. Read the label of any other medicine you are using to see if it contains an antihistamine, decongestant, or cough suppressant. Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking this medication. It can add to drowsiness caused by an antihistamine.

Avoid taking diet pills, caffeine pills, or other stimulants (such as ADHD medications) without your doctor's advice. Taking a stimulant together with a decongestant can increase your risk of unpleasant side effects.


This medication can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Tell your doctor if you regularly use other medicines that make you sleepy (such as other cold or allergy medicine, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). They can add to sleepiness caused by diphenhydramine.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold (diphenhydramine and phenylephrine)?


You should not use this medication if you are allergic to diphenhydramine or phenylephrine.

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:



  • asthma;




  • heart disease or high blood pressure;




  • diabetes;




  • a thyroid disorder;




  • glaucoma;




  • kidney disease;




  • an enlarged prostate; or




  • problems with urination.



If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take this medication.


This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. This medication may pass into breast milk and could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Older adults may be more likely to have side effects from this medication.

Artificially-sweetened liquid forms of cold medicine may contain phenylalanine. This would be important to know if you have phenylketonuria (PKU). Check the ingredients and warnings on the medication label if you are concerned about phenylalanine.


How should I take Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold (diphenhydramine and phenylephrine)?


Use this medication exactly as directed on the label, or as it has been prescribed by your doctor. Do not use the medication in larger amounts, or use it for longer than recommended. Cold medicine is usually taken only for a short time until your symptoms clear up.


Do not give this medication to a child younger than 2 years old. Always ask a doctor before giving a cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold medicines in very young children.

Measure the liquid form of this medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.


Make sure you chew the chewable tablet before you swallow it.


This medication can cause you to have unusual results with allergy skin tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are taking an antihistamine.


Store this medicine at room temperature, away from heat, light, and moisture.

What happens if I miss a dose?


Since cold or allergy medicine is usually taken only as needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are taking the medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include feeling restless or nervous, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, warmth or tingly feeling, or seizure (convulsions).


What should I avoid while taking Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold (diphenhydramine and phenylephrine)?


Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking this medication. It can add to drowsiness caused by an antihistamine. Tell your doctor if you regularly use other medicines that make you sleepy (such as other cold or allergy medicine, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). They can add to sleepiness caused by diphenhydramine.

Avoid taking diet pills, caffeine pills, or other stimulants (such as ADHD medications) without your doctor's advice. Taking a stimulant together with a decongestant can increase your risk of unpleasant side effects.


This medication can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert.

Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather.


Do not use any other over-the-counter cough, cold, allergy, or sleep medication without first asking your doctor or pharmacist. Antihistamines, decongestants, and cough suppressants are contained in many medicines available over the counter. If you take certain products together you may accidentally take too much of one or more types of medicine. Read the label of any other medicine you are using to see if it contains an antihistamine, decongestant, or cough suppressant.

Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold (diphenhydramine and phenylephrine) side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

  • fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeat;




  • confusion, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior;




  • urinating less than usual or not at all;




  • severe dizziness, anxiety, restless feeling, or nervousness;




  • easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness, fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;




  • increased blood pressure (severe headache, blurred vision, trouble concentrating, chest pain, numbness, seizure); or




  • nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).



Less serious side effects may include:



  • blurred vision;




  • dry mouth;




  • nausea, stomach pain, constipation;




  • dizziness, drowsiness;




  • problems with memory or concentration;




  • ringing in your ears;




  • mild loss of appetite;




  • warmth, tingling, or redness under your skin;




  • feeling excited or restless;




  • sleep problems (insomnia); or




  • skin rash or itching.



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


What other drugs will affect Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold (diphenhydramine and phenylephrine)?


Tell your doctor about all other medications you use, especially:



  • medicines to treat high blood pressure;




  • a beta-blocker such as atenolol (Tenormin), carteolol (Cartrol), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol), nadolol (Corgard), propranolol (Inderal), sotalol (Betapace), timolol (Blocadren), and others;




  • antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil), clomipramine (Anafranil), imipramine (Janimine, Tofranil), and others; or




  • an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam), or tranylcypromine (Parnate).



This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with diphenhydramine and phenylephrine. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.



More Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold resources


  • Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold Drug Interactions
  • 0 Reviews for Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold - Add your own review/rating


  • Alahist LQ Liquid MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • D-Tann Chewable Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold with other medications


  • Cold Symptoms
  • Hay Fever
  • Sinusitis


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist can provide more information about diphenhydramine and phenylephrine.

See also: Robitussin Night Time Cough & Cold side effects (in more detail)


Respidon




Respidon may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Respidon



Risperidone

Risperidone is reported as an ingredient of Respidon in the following countries:


  • Brazil

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Friday, September 23, 2016

Amoxicillin acis




Amoxicillin acis may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Amoxicillin acis



Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin trihydrate (a derivative of Amoxicillin) is reported as an ingredient of Amoxicillin acis in the following countries:


  • Germany

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Adrenalina B Braun




Adrenalina B Braun may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Adrenalina B Braun



Epinephrine

Epinephrine is reported as an ingredient of Adrenalina B Braun in the following countries:


  • Spain

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Methylene Blue




In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.


In the US, Methylene Blue (methylene blue systemic) is a member of the following drug classes: antidotes, urinary anti-infectives and is used to treat Methemoglobinemia.

US matches:

  • Methylene blue oral and injection

  • Methylene blue Oral, Intravenous

  • Methylene Blue

  • Methylene Blue Injection

Ingredient matches for Methylene Blue



Methylthioninium Chloride

Methylene Blue (BAN) is also known as Methylthioninium Chloride (Rec.INN)



Benzalkonium Chloride

Benzalkonium chloride (a derivative of Benzalkonium) is reported as an ingredient of Methylene Blue in the following countries:


  • United Kingdom

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Glossary

BANBritish Approved Name
Rec.INNRecommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Thursday, September 22, 2016

rabeprazole


ra-BEP-ra-zole


Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Aciphex

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Tablet, Enteric Coated

Therapeutic Class: Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitor


Pharmacologic Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor


Uses For rabeprazole


Rabeprazole is used to treat certain conditions where there is too much acid in the stomach. It is used to treat duodenal ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition where the acid in the stomach washes back up into the esophagus. Sometimes rabeprazole is used along with antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, clarithromycin) to treat ulcers associated with infections caused by the H. pylori bacteria.


Rabeprazole is also used to treat Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a condition in which the stomach produces too much acid.


Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). It works by decreasing the amount of acid produced by the stomach.


rabeprazole is available only with your doctor's prescription.


Before Using rabeprazole


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For rabeprazole, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to rabeprazole or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of rabeprazole to treat GERD in children younger than 12 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.


Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of rabeprazole to treat other approved indications in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.


Geriatric


Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of rabeprazole in the elderly.


Pregnancy








Pregnancy CategoryExplanation
All TrimestersBAnimal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, however, there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus.

Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking rabeprazole, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using rabeprazole with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.


  • Rilpivirine

Using rabeprazole with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Atazanavir

  • Citalopram

  • Clopidogrel

  • Dasatinib

  • Erlotinib

  • Methotrexate

  • Mycophenolate Mofetil

  • Nelfinavir

  • Nilotinib

Using rabeprazole with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Cranberry

  • Digoxin

  • Itraconazole

  • Ketoconazole

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of rabeprazole. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium in the blood), history of or

  • Osteoporosis (bone problem) or

  • Stomach infection (e.g., pseudomembranous colitis)—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

  • Liver disease—Use with caution. The effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body.

Proper Use of rabeprazole


Take rabeprazole only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered.


Swallow the delayed-release tablet whole. Do not crush, chew, or split the tablet. You may take rabeprazole with or without food, based on your medical condition.


rabeprazole comes with a patient information insert. Read and follow the instructions in the insert carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.


If you are taking rabeprazole to treat an ulcer that is associated with an H. pylori infection, take it together with the antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, clarithromycin) at the same time of day.


Dosing


The dose of rabeprazole will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of rabeprazole. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For oral dosage form (delayed-release tablets):
    • To treat duodenal ulcers:
      • Adults—20 milligrams (mg) once a day after the morning meal. Your doctor may adjust your dose if needed.

      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.


    • To treat duodenal ulcers with H. pylori infection:
      • Adults—20 milligrams (mg) taken with a meal two times a day. The dose is usually taken together with clarithromycin plus amoxicillin. Your doctor may adjust your dose if needed.

      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.


    • To treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD):
      • Adults—20 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose if needed.

      • Teenagers and children 12 years of age—20 mg once a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose if needed.

      • Children younger than 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.


    • To prevent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD):
      • Adults—20 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose if needed.

      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.


    • To treat Zollinger-Ellison syndrome:
      • Adults—At first, 60 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose if needed.

      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.



Missed Dose


If you miss a dose of rabeprazole, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.


Storage


Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.


Precautions While Using rabeprazole


It is very important that your doctor check the progress of you or your child at regular visits. This will allow your doctor to see if rabeprazole is working properly and to decide if you should continue to take it. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects. If your or your child's condition does not improve, or if it becomes worse, discuss this with your doctor.


rabeprazole is sometimes given together with other medicines to treat ulcers. Be sure you understand about the risks and proper use of any other medicine your doctor gives you together with rabeprazole. If you or your child are using rabeprazole with clarithromycin, do not use it with cisapride (Propulsid®) or pimozide (Orap®).


rabeprazole may cause a serious type of allergic reaction when used in patients treated with antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin). Call your doctor right away if you or your child have trouble breathing or swallowing; or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth while you or your child are using rabeprazole.


Serious stomach conditions may occur while taking rabeprazole with antibiotics. Stop using rabeprazole and check with your doctor immediately if you or your child are having more than one of these symptoms: abdominal or stomach cramps, bloated feeling, watery and severe diarrhea which may also be bloody sometimes, fever, nausea or vomiting, unusual tiredness or weakness.


rabeprazole may increase your risk of having fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine. This is more likely if you are 50 years of age and older, if you receive high doses of rabeprazole or use it for one year or more.


rabeprazole may cause hypomagnesemia (low magnesium in the blood). Your doctor may want to check your blood levels if you are taking rabeprazole for more than one year, or if you are taking rabeprazole together with digoxin (Lanoxin®) or certain diuretics or "water pills". Stop using rabeprazole and check with your doctor right away if you have convulsions (seizures); fast, racing, or uneven heartbeat; muscle spasms (tetany); tremors; or unusual tiredness or weakness.


Do not stop taking rabeprazole without first checking with your doctor, or unless told to do so by your doctor.


Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.


rabeprazole Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


Less common
  • Bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet

  • cough or hoarseness

  • dark urine

  • dry mouth

  • fever or chills

  • general tiredness and weakness

  • light-colored stools

  • lower back or side pain

  • nausea and vomiting

  • painful or difficult urination

  • rapid weight gain

  • tingling of the hands or feet

  • unusual weight gain or loss

  • yellow eyes and skin

Rare
  • Bloody urine

  • continuing ulcers or sores in the mouth

  • convulsions (seizures)

  • difficulty with breathing

  • sore throat

  • unusual bleeding or bruising

  • unusual tiredness or weakness

Incidence not known
  • Back, leg, or stomach pains

  • bleeding gums

  • blood in the urine or stools

  • bloody, black, or tarry stools

  • change in consciousness

  • clay-colored stools

  • cloudy urine

  • confusion about identity, place, person, and time

  • continuing nausea or vomiting

  • difficulty with swallowing

  • dizziness

  • drowsiness

  • fast heartbeat

  • general body swelling

  • general feeling of tiredness or weakness

  • greatly decreased frequency of urination or amount of urine

  • headache

  • high fever

  • hives

  • holding false beliefs that cannot be changed by fact

  • increase in the frequency of seizures

  • itching

  • joint or muscle pain

  • large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs

  • loss of appetite

  • loss of consciousness

  • mood or mental changes

  • muscle cramps

  • muscle pain or stiffness

  • muscle spasms [tetany] or twitching seizures

  • no blood pressure

  • no breathing

  • no pulse

  • nosebleeds

  • pale skin

  • pinpoint red spots on the skin

  • puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue

  • seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there

  • shortness of breath

  • skin blisters

  • skin rash

  • sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth

  • swollen glands

  • tightness in the chest

  • trembling

  • unpleasant breath odor

  • unusual excitement, nervousness, or restlessness

  • vomiting of blood

  • wheezing

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Bad, unusual, or unpleasant (after) taste

  • change in taste

Less common
  • Body aches or pain

  • congestion

  • constipation

  • diarrhea

  • excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines

  • feeling weak

  • full feeling

  • heartburn

  • numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness in the hands or feet

  • pain

  • passing gas

  • runny nose

  • sleepiness

  • swollen joints

  • tender, swollen glands in the neck

  • trouble with swallowing

  • voice changes

Incidence not known
  • Blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin

  • red, irritated eyes

  • red skin lesions, often with a purple center

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: rabeprazole side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More rabeprazole resources


  • Rabeprazole Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Rabeprazole Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Rabeprazole Drug Interactions
  • Rabeprazole Support Group
  • 31 Reviews for Rabeprazole - Add your own review/rating


  • AcipHex Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Aciphex Consumer Overview

  • Aciphex Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Rabeprazole MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



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Wednesday, September 21, 2016

Torem Tablets 2.5mg






Torem 2.5 mg Tablets


Torasemide




Please read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine.


  • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.

  • If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

  • This medicine has been prescribed for you. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them even if their symptoms are the same as yours.

  • If any of the side effects gets serious or troublesome, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or pharmacist.



In this leaflet:


1. What Torem is and what it is used for

2. Before you take Torem

3. How to take Torem

4. Possible side effects

5. How to store Torem

6. Further information





What Torem is and what it is used for


Torem contains a medicine called torasemide. This belongs to a group of medicines called ‘diuretics’ or ‘water tablets’.


Torem is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It works by making you pass more water (urine). This helps to lower your blood pressure.




Before you take Torem



Do not take Torem if you are allergic (hypersensitive) to:


  • Torasemide or any of the other ingredients of Torem (see Section 6: Further information).

  • Similar medicines called ‘sulphonylureas’. These are used to treat diabetes (high blood sugar). These medicines include chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glipizide and tolbutamide.

Do not take Torem if any of these apply to you. If you are not sure, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Torem.




Do not take Torem if:


  • You have kidney problems (renal failure).

  • You have kidney problems that have been caused by medicines.

  • You have liver problems.

  • You have low blood pressure (hypotension).

  • You have heart beat problems (cardiac arrhythmia).

  • You are taking an antibiotic called an ‘aminoglycoside’ or ‘cephalosporin’ (for an infection).
    These medicines include streptomycin, gentamycin, cephalexin and ceftriaxone. See the section on ‘Taking other medicines’.

  • You are pregnant or breast-feeding a baby. See the section on ‘Pregnancy and breast-feeding’.

Do not take Torem if any of these apply to you. If you are not sure, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Torem.




Take special care with Torem


Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking Torem if:


  • You have low levels of potassium or sodium in your blood (shown in blood tests).

  • You have a low volume of blood (hypovolaemia).

  • You have difficulty passing water (urinating).

  • You have gout or high levels of uric acid in your blood.

  • You have diabetes (diabetes mellitus).

If any of these apply to you, or if you are not sure, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before you take Torem.




Taking other medicines


Please tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines. This includes medicines that you buy without a prescription and herbal medicines.


This is because Torem can affect the way some other medicines work.


Also some other medicines can affect the way Torem works.



Do not take Torem if you are already taking an antibiotic called an ‘aminoglycoside’ or ‘cephalosporin’ (for an infection). These medicines include streptomycin, gentamycin, cephalexin and ceftriaxone.


If this applies to you, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.


It is particularly important to tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any of the following medicines:


  • Other medicines to treat high blood pressure.

  • Medicines called ‘ACE inhibitors’ (used to treat heart disease).

  • Medicines like digoxin or digitoxin (used to treat heart disease).

  • Adrenaline (also called epinephrine) or noradrenaline (also called norepinephrine). These are used to treat low blood pressure.

  • Cholestyramine, or other ‘ion-exchange resins’ (used to treat high levels of cholesterol in your blood).

  • High doses of medicines called ‘salicylates’, such as aspirin.

  • Medicines called ‘non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs’ (NSAIDs). These include indomethacin and ibuprofen.

  • Laxatives.

  • Steroid medicines, such as hydrocortisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone.

  • Medicines to relax your muscles (muscle relaxants).

  • Cisplatin (used to treat cancer).

  • Lithium (used to treat mental health problems).

  • Probenecid (used to treat gout).

  • Theophylline (used to treat asthma).



Pregnancy and breast-feeding


Do not take Torem if you are pregnant, might become pregnant or are breast-feeding. This is because it is not known if Torem will affect your baby.




Driving and using machines


You may feel dizzy while taking Torem.


If this happens, do not drive or use any tools or machines.




Important information about some of the ingredients of Torem


This medicine contains lactose, which is a type of sugar. If you have been told by your doctor that you cannot tolerate or digest some sugars (have an intolerance to some sugars), talk to your doctor before taking this medicine.





How to take Torem


Always take Torem exactly as your doctor has told you. You should check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.


  • The usual dose for adults and elderly people is one tablet (2.5 mg) once a day.

  • Your doctor may increase the dose to 5 mg a day if needed.


If you take more Torem than you should


  • If you take more Torem than you should, talk to a doctor or go to a hospital straight away. Take the medicine pack with you.

  • If you take too many tablets, you may pass a lot of urine, become sleepy, or feel confused, faint or dizzy. You may also have stomach upset.



If you forget to take Torem


  • If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember it.

  • However, if it is nearly time for the next dose, skip the missed dose.

  • Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.

If someone else takes your Torem tablets by mistake, they should talk to a doctor or go to a hospital straight away.



If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.




Possible side effects


Like all medicines, Torem can cause side effects, although not everyone will get them.



See your doctor as soon as possible if you get the following side effects:


  • Low levels of sodium or potassium in your blood. This may cause headache, feeling dizzy, fainting, feeling weak, feeling sleepy, feeling confused, a loss of appetite or cramps. Your doctor may change your dose of Torem if this happens.

  • Problems with your circulation or blood clots (these have only been seen occasionally).

  • Reduced numbers of red or white blood cells or platelets in your blood. This may make you feel tired, get infections more easily, or bruise more easily.



Other possible side effects:



Blood


  • An increase in the levels of certain substances in your blood, including sugar, uric acid and fats (lipids).


    Your doctor may do blood tests from time to time to make sure that Torem is working safely.


Stomach and gut


  • Stomach upset.

  • Inflammation of the pancreas causing pain in the stomach (pancreatitis).

  • Changes in how your liver is working (shown by blood tests).


Skin


  • Skin rashes and itchy skin.

  • Skin being more sensitive to the sun (photo-sensitivity).


Eyes and ears


  • Blurred eyesight.

  • Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and loss of hearing.


Other


  • Feeling numb or tingling in the legs or arms.

  • Dry mouth.

  • Some people may have difficulty passing water (urinating).


If any of the side effects become serious or troublesome, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or pharmacist.




How to store Torem


  • Torem tablets do not need special storage conditions.

  • Keep out of the reach and sight of children.

  • Do not use Torem after the expiry date printed on the pack.

  • Do not throw away any left over tablets. Instead, return them to your pharmacist so that they can be disposed of carefully. Only keep them if your doctor tells you to.



Further information



What Torem contains


The active substance in Torem tablets is torasemide. Each tablet contains 2.5 mg torasemide.


Other ingredients are lactose monohydrate, maize starch, colloidal silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate (E572).




What Torem looks like and contents of the pack


Torem 2.5 mg tablets are round.


They are white to off-white in colour and they are marked with BM/B4 on one side.


Torem tablets are supplied in blister packs of 14, 28, 100 or 112 tablets.


Not all pack sizes may be marketed.


The Marketing Authorisation holder is:



MEDA Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Skyway House

Parsonage Road

Takeley

Bishop’s Stortford

CM22 6PU

United Kingdom


The manufacturer responsible for batch release is:



MEDA Pharma GmbH & Co. KG

Benzstrasse 1

61352 Bad Homburg

Germany





This leaflet was last approved in September 2009


10099091 GB-MED LE.0812.1070


10099091





Ramipril



Pronunciation: RA-mi-pril
Generic Name: Ramipril
Brand Name: Altace

Ramipril may cause injury or death to the fetus if taken after the third month of pregnancy. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor right away.





Ramipril is used for:

Treating high blood pressure or decreasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death in certain patients. It may be used alone or with other medicines. It is used along with other medicines to manage heart failure and improve survival after a heart attack. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It works by relaxing blood vessels. This helps to lower blood pressure.


Do NOT use Ramipril if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Ramipril or to another ACE inhibitor (eg, lisinopril)

  • you have a history of angioedema (swelling of the hands, face, lips, eyes, throat, or tongue; difficulty swallowing or breathing; or hoarseness) caused by treatment with an ACE inhibitor

  • you are in your second or third trimester of pregnancy

  • you are taking telmisartan

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Ramipril:


Some medical conditions may interact with Ramipril. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are able to become pregnant

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have a history of heart problems (eg, aortic stenosis, heart failure), blood vessel problems, blood flow problems, bone marrow problems, kidney problems (eg, renal artery stenosis), certain liver problems (eg, ascites, cirrhosis), or diabetes

  • if you have a history of angioedema, a stroke, or a recent heart attack, or you have had a kidney transplant

  • if you have an autoimmune disease (eg, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma)

  • if you are dehydrated or have low blood volume, high blood potassium levels, or low blood sodium levels, or if you are on a low-salt (sodium) diet

  • if you are receiving treatments to reduce sensitivity to bee stings

  • if you are on dialysis or are scheduled to have surgery or undergo anesthesia

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Ramipril. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • Diuretics (eg, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) because the risk of low blood pressure may be increased

  • Aldosterone blockers (eg, eplerenone), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, ibuprofen), potassium-sparing diuretics (eg, spironolactone, triamterene), potassium supplements, or trimethoprim because the risk of high blood potassium levels may be increased

  • Telmisartan because the risk of kidney problems may be increased

  • Certain gold-containing medicines (eg, sodium aurothiomalate) because flushing, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure may occur

  • Lithium or thiopurines (eg, azathioprine) because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Ramipril

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Ramipril may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Ramipril:


Use Ramipril as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Take Ramipril by mouth with or without food.

  • Swallow this tablet whole unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

  • Continue to take Ramipril even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.

  • If you miss a dose of Ramipril, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Ramipril.



Important safety information:


  • Ramipril may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Ramipril with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.

  • Ramipril may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting; alcohol, hot weather, exercise, or fever may increase these effects. To prevent them, sit up or stand slowly, especially in the morning. Sit or lie down at the first sign of any of these effects.

  • Ramipril may cause a serious side effect called angioedema. Contact your doctor at once if you develop swelling of the hands, face, lips, eyes, throat, or tongue; difficulty swallowing or breathing; or hoarseness.

  • Ramipril may not work as well in black patients. They may also be at greater risk of side effects. Contact your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse.

  • Dehydration, excessive sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea may increase the risk of low blood pressure. Contact your health care provider at once if any of these occur.

  • Rarely, Ramipril may lower the ability of your body to fight infection. This risk may be greater if you have certain other health problems (eg, kidney problems, collagen vascular disease). Avoid contact with people who have colds or infections. Tell your doctor if you notice signs of infection like fever, sore throat, rash, or chills.

  • Check with your doctor before you use a salt substitute or a product that has potassium in it.

  • Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Ramipril before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.

  • Patients who take medicine for high blood pressure often feel tired or run down for a few weeks after starting treatment. Be sure to take your medicine even if you may not feel "normal." Tell your doctor if you develop any new symptoms.

  • If you have high blood pressure, do not use nonprescription products that contain stimulants. These products may include diet pills or cold medicines. Contact your doctor if you have any questions or concerns.

  • Diabetes patients - Ramipril may affect your blood sugar. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.

  • Lab tests, including blood pressure, blood electrolyte levels, heart function, or kidney or liver function, may be performed while you use Ramipril. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

  • Use Ramipril with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects.

  • Ramipril should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.

  • PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING: Ramipril may cause birth defects or fetal death if you take it while you are pregnant. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor right away. It is not known if Ramipril is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Ramipril.


Possible side effects of Ramipril:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Cough; dizziness; headache; tiredness.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the hands, eyes, mouth, face, lips, throat, or tongue; hoarseness); chest pain; dark urine; decreased urination; difficulty swallowing; infection (eg, fever, chills, persistent sore throat); irregular heartbeat; loss of appetite; pale stools; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; seizures; stomach pain (with or without nausea or vomiting); symptoms of low blood pressure (eg, fainting, severe dizziness, lightheadedness); yellowing of the skin or eyes.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Ramipril side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include fainting; severe dizziness or lightheadedness; weakness.


Proper storage of Ramipril:

Store Ramipril between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Ramipril out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Ramipril, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Ramipril is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Ramipril. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Ramipril resources


  • Ramipril Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Ramipril Dosage
  • Ramipril Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Ramipril Drug Interactions
  • Ramipril Support Group
  • 12 Reviews for Ramipril - Add your own review/rating


  • Ramipril Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Ramipril Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Ramipril Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • ramipril Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Altace Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Altace Consumer Overview



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